Because both of these elements share their electrons evenly these chains have no charge. It is POLAR HYDROPHOBIC TAILS The two long chains coming off of the bottom of this molecule are made up of carbon and hydrogen. This end of the molecule has a charge and is attracted to water. The electrons at this end of the molecule are not shared equally. The addition of this group makes a polar 'head' and two nonpolar 'tails'.ħ HYDROPHILIC HEAD At one end of the phospholipid is a phosphate group and several double bonded oxygens.

Phospholipids are modified so that a phosphate group (PO4-) replaces one of the three fatty acids normally found on a lipid. 1010Ħ PHOSPHOLIPID REVIEW Phospholipids are important structural components of cell membranes. The Plasma Membrane Structure of Cell Membrane Phospholipids Proteins (peripheral and integral) Cholesterol Carbohydrates G. Protective barrier Regulate transport in & out of cell Allow cell-cell recognition Provide anchoring sites for filaments of cytoskeleton Provide a binding site for enzymes and hormones Interlocking surfaces bind cells together (junctions) Contains the cytoplasm (fluid in cell) Nerve cell Gap between cells Cell membrane cell membrane Nerve cell To understand the function of anything in biology, you must study the structure first! Cell Membranes from Opposing Neurons (TEM x436,740). A cell membrane is also known as plasma membrane.

Phospholipids Solution Pinocytosis Polar Solute Hydrophilic Solvent Exocytosis Hydrophobic Partially permeable Phospholipid bilayer Fluid mosaic model Surface area Glycoproteins Turgid Plasmolysis Passive transport Cholesterol Plasmolysed Proteins Selectively permeable Transport proteins Active transport Enzymes Carrier protein Receptor molecules Bulk transport Diffusion Endocytosis Concentration gradient Phagocytosis Facilitated diffusion Phagocytes Osmosis CrenatedĪll living cells are surrounded by a membrane. The cell membrane is the gateway into the cell.

Transcription and Translation in Prokaryotesīetalain is the pigment responsible for the red color of beetroot.1 Cell Membrane: Structure and Function 6.2-6.3.

Changes in Signal Transduction Pathways.

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